Amateur 1859

              VOL. I. NO.1
THE AMATEUR:
By
HILLSDALE College
Hillsdale, Michigan
AUGUST, 1859
INVENIAM ViamAM AUT FACIAM ."
\
COMMITTEES.
EDITORIAL Committee
W. G. M. Stone
William Bounton
R. B. Comstock
I. IJ. BATES.
J. L. COLLIER.
l'Ul3LISIIING Committee
JAMES HAWLEY. P. P. Randolph
A. H. IIERRON.
•
VOL.I. No. I.
THE AMATEUR:
BY
OF
H I L L S D ALE COLLEGE,
Hillsdale Michigan
AUGUST, 1859.
" INVENIAM VIAM AUT FACIAM ."
DE T ROIT :
DAILY Advertiser Power PRESS PRINT, 212 JEFFERSON Avenue
1859.
PoPULAR FAvoR I
ALL classes and conditions of men court thy smiles.
The high, the low ; the learned, the ignorant ; the rich,
the poor ; the powerful, the weak.
Upon thy altars are consumed ease, domestic enjoy-ments,
friends, honor, health, and life itself.
At thy bidding, the lawyer sacrifices his client, the phy-sician
his patient, the politician his country, and the
preacherhis Lord. What can they do without thee, great
Potentate, for thy patronage brings bread to the stomach,
money to the pocket, and glory to the soul.
Shall we, then, when first standing candidates for thy
honors, presume to tempt the uncertain sea of public opin-ion,
without first propitiating thee? Dare we spread our
canvas without the assurance that it shall be filled by thy
breath?
Alas for us ! We fear thou 'vilt think that our bark is
freighted with an indifferent cargo. But it is all we have.
Our first cullings in the groves of Academus-wild buds
from unpruned fancy,- flowers of the heart from nature's
unweeded garden,-lucubrations from intellects exercised
hitherto only upon the homely topics of the farm and the
workshop,--artless tear-drops over the early dead.
In our seclusion we heard of the triumphs of genius,
although fettered by poverty and ignorance. We learned
that not a few, became thy highly favored sons whose
youthful prospects were forbidding as our own. Shaks-peare
combing wool,-Bunyan tinkering old ware from
house to house,-Bums at the plough tail, eking out a
scanty support for a widowed mother and her dependent
family. Pardon us, if, beholding their sublime elevation,
we aspire to something good and great. Receive, then,
our humble beginning, and as we bringour annual tribute,
we will strive to deserve, as we shall hope to receive, con-tinued
tokens of thy approbation.
exaugural ADDRESS.
PERFECTION, NaTURE'S IDEaL.
EvERY age has had its peculiar characteristics. No two
periods have been alike, nor will there ever be a repetition of
the same events. The P atriarchal and Feudal systems have
passed away. Nineveh and Babylon lie in ruinous heaps never
to be rebuilt. Nations and kingdoms are buried in the past, to
be known to future generations only by the monuments raised
by the historian, in· memory of their glory and power, or their
shame and imbecility.
But changes have not been confined to earth alone. Could
we go back to that strange morning when the E ternal laid. the
foundation of the universe, and behold worlds and systems of
worlcls springing from shapeless forms and trackless voids, and
starting on their mysterious and sublime revolutions in the
empty deep, and mark their history to the present, we should
behold changes too magnificent for comprehension. Astrono-mers,
during the short period of one hundred years, with no
other aid than the telescope, have observed some of these chan-ges.
A number of stars have disappeared from the field of
vision. They have been called to fill missions no less sublime
in some more distant part of creation, or else have retired from
the universe altogether. And if such wonders have occurred
within the field of man's observation in' so short a time, what
have been the changes in the heavens since the first ray of light
glanced clown the trackless ether ! The universe was not
always what it now is. Once there was no earth-once there
was not a star in the "Band of Orion"-once there were no
sweet influences in the Pleiades. Nought existed but an
illimitable abyss- a boundless deep-a trackless void.
Change is a law of nature. Change is the watchword of
THE AMATEUR 5
time. I t is seen in the heavens. It is written upon every sink-ing
nation and cnunbling city. It is inscribed upon the ruins
of the political and social systems of antiquity. It is heard in
the utterances of all those voices that come up from the hollow
deep of the past.
But what is the tendency of this change? Is it towaJ:d a
better condition? Is it toward a more perfect state? For a
solution of this important question, we shall, for a moment,
consult nature, history and religion. Tbe student of nature, as
he pores over the pages of paleontological history, and philoso-phizes
upon their truthsfinds that the tendency of the change
that recurs at every step from the firsttraces of animal and
vegetable remains to the living existences of the present age, is
toward a more perfect state. The first vegetables found in the
rocks, had no fruits, nor flowers, nor even leaves; but ascend-ing,
we discover some new development in the nature and
structure of every genus, till we come to the Rose of Sharon-the
Lily of the Valley, and the Oaks of Bashan, which point
back to the Thallogens and Club Mosses of the deep, and tell
us that nature is attaining a higher state of beauty and per-fection.
The first animals found in the fossiliferous rocks are the
radiata, the lowest order of animal existence. The next in
order are the articulata, and then the vertebrata; and it is a
singular fact that the race of reptiles is at the base of the verte-brates,
while as we pass on up we are met at every step by a
better type, both physical and mental, till we come to man, the
crowning work, the best of all.
In turning over the different strata of the earth'scrust, we
find that igneous and aqueous agencies have been powerful
forces in preparing the world for man. There is not a granite
mountain nor an unstratified rock that now supports this conti-nent
above the internal :fires, but has been a molten mass.
There is not a bill-top nor scarce a mountain brow but has been
washed by some ancient ocean. But though ancient billows
have sported with the mountain top and deluged a thousand
6 TIIE AMATEUR.
plains, yet the "bowin the cloud" is a witness that angry
floods shall no more submerge the earth, thus assuring us that
the world has passed through herlast ablution, being thereby
sufficiently purifiedfor the last great moral conflict. Anciently,
terrific thunders were uttered from a thousand volcanoes, and
sulphurous smoke rose from as many plains. But the Dead Sea
has extinguished the last burning plain, and ourpresent volca-noes
and earthquakes are but as the faint echoes of those awful
thunders in ages past: The time was when the earth seethed
like a cauldron, and though VesuviuVs esuvius may pourout his vial of
wrath upon Herculaneum or Pompeii, yet the occasional erup-tion
of our three hundred volcanoes are as feeble ceremonies,
only commemorative of the J)ast. All these vast operations of
nature tell us that the tendency of change is toward somethillg
better and more perfect.
The same significance is seen in the history of the race. The
fearful tornado of war that swept over the Old World in the
days of Xerxes, Alexander and Hannibal, but prepared the .
world for the Christian era. The pall of the middle ages
settled down upon the world but to be dispelled by the rising
and glorious light of the Reformation. That remorseless tide
of Goths and Huns from the North, swept over Central and
Southern Europe but to awaken new energies in the human
heart, and prepare the way for the discovery of the New
World. The tyranny of England and the struggle of "'76
gave birth to a free and independent people. Every conflict of
the past bas developed some happier aspect in social and civil
life.
Religion, too, is no less significant upon this point. The
Jewish religion was once the most perfect type in the world.
Though burdened to the earth with sacrificial rites and· cere-monies,
yet it was as perfect as could be appreciated at that
age. But the old Jewish economy has been superseded by the
more spiritual kingdom of Christ. And the religion of Christ
is being developed in man, so that every century's growth
gives it a better aspect before the world. Vehement controver-
THE amateur 7
sies andsectarian tournaments have been productive of greater
good than evil; they have awakened latent energies in the soul
and given strength for the great purposes of life. .And the time
is no doubt coming when the world's conception of systematic
Theology and Christianity will be as much in advance of to-day,
as the present is in advance of antiquity.
Wherever we turn we are impressed with the truth that
tha.t is tending toward a more perfect state. Those shapeless
nebulae in the farther heavens, whose destiny it is to be fitted
up as the abode of intelligent beings, together with those
voices coming from ten thousand times ten thousand worlds,
support the thought. On every stately edifice and rising city,
on every spire and lofty minaret, is written, "On! to pelfec-tion."
Every train of cars that sweeps across the land, every
telegram from the fiery pen of a thousand trembling wires,
utters On ! on ! to perfection." Every longing of the soul
for freedom from sin and for holiness of heart,but urges us on
to a higher .and nobler state of existence.
But we pause and inquire : Is this true? Has nature before
her such an ideal as perfection? We answer, she has. The
whole creation is groaning and struggling to be free in the
embrace of her beloved. There is a glorious good before us.
Every christian association, every literary institution, every
moral reform, is hastening a better hour. And we are admon-ished
by the voices coming from above, beneath, around and
within, to arise and behold an exalted destiny.
The Institution whose fourth anniversary we celebrate to-day
is in its infancy, but we look forward with fondest hope to the
day when it shall have attained the stature of maturity and
greater perfection. .And let those who have been intrusted with
rearing this stately edifice, be assured that they have been
aiding in au enterprise that shall be instnuneutal in preparing
true and noble hearts for the great conflict of life, in bringing
about a more perfect day of civil, social, and religious liberty.
And to you, Amphictyons, let me say- 1'o-day chronicles
your second anniversary. As a society you are yet in the
8 THE .AmA'l'EUR.
infancy of your existence, but you have already grappled with
difficulties and gone through struggles that have given you
strength that shall prepare you for conflicts yet to come. You
are of noble birth, and a glorious future awaits you. If faithful
to your high trust, you are not all you shall be. Your elements
of power will increase with your years and experience. You
are developing forces to operate in the world's reform. From
your Hall shall flowinfluences to cleanse and purify. You are
to leave the world better than you found it. But you are not
to expect an unfuffled sea. There are antagonisms to be met
at every turn, ancl if the better day seems hid for a time, and
clifficulties rise like Alpine heights to obstruct your march in
the battle of life, then with heart and purpose arise and press
for the goal, with a determination nerved withthe sentiment
of yonr motto, "Inveniam viam aut faciam."
What a mysterious volume, and how interwoven with sen-tences
of joy and grief, is human life ? We may not turn its
leaves and gather pleasing extracts at our will, but the one we
now peruse must be completed before we scan the contents of
the next ; and we should do well to remember that there are
dark as well as brightpages, and soon enough we shall turnto
them. Soon enough ! Ah, were even the minute history of
the hearts of our dearest friends unfolded, methinks the mass of
ruined hopes and fond expectations, born only to be destroyed,
would prove that some of these have been already reached.
But thank God for trials ; they may prove blessings to us.
":Much t ribulation," is inscribed on the gateway of Heaven.
Martyrs, Prophets and Apostles, all drank deeply of affliction's
cup, and there arc many heroes and heroines of endurance, of
whom the world has never heard, who will shine hereafter,
even beside the brightest inhabitants of the world of bliss.
We may look from the burden of grief to the weight of glory
beyond, and realize that the darkest night may succeed a reful-gent
morning, and we may feel
- - "that by tho lights and shades through which our pathway lies,
By the beauty and the grief alike, we are training for !be skies."
the.A.MATEUR. 9
The soul need not be crnshecl by sorrow ! but, as says
Fanny K. Butler, too many of us, could we look into the secrets
of the sealed future, would sink down and falter "give me
death!" .And while I \vTite, my mind is borne back by the
current of years to the scenes of other days, and as I pause
upon the banks of the Hudson, my child-hood's home, the
figure of a lovely maiden glides before my vision-one who
drank the cup of sorrow to the dregs, then faded gently from
earth, as stars fade beneath the blush of morn. .
'Twas evening, and the young moon, pale as the enshrouded
forms of many upon whom she looked, was climbing through
the silver fringes of the clouds, while the zephyrs played with
the jeweled flowers noiselessly as when they fanned the walks
of Paradise. Upon the terrace of a tasteful dwelling, with a
heart throbbing with anxiety and fear, stood the gentle Ida,
striving to penetrate the shadows cast by lofty buildings down
the street. It was her briclal eve. Seven was the hour conse-crated
to the service. The hour of eight had been already
tolled, and where was he to whom in danger and in death she
would have clung, as to the altar and the cross? With a brow
gathering whiteness, and ringlets floating wildly in the breeze,
she gasped a prayer- The hour of nine rang out on the clear
air, and young Clenclinon came, but not alone. He had been
thrown from his steed,. and was borne into the presence of the
guests, lifeless; and Ida with a burning brow and tearless eyes
beheld the waxen hands of her betrothed folded on a pulseless
breast as if they clasped a holy messa.ge to the God of love.
Oh, fatal stroke, which completed the ruin of an already well
nigh broken heart! But while ·within those halls the sotmds of
sorrow echoed, in the bowers above another voice chanted the
hallelujah of that multitude which no man could number. Hea-ven
smiled upon a new macle angel drinking bliss from the
fountain of immortality. Weeks rolled around and "on the
second of September, the recording angel traced upon his
snowy page, the name of Ida, L., in characters of ;light," and
in the evening of that day, she batbecl her starrywiJlgs in the
2
10 THE AMATEUR.
fadeless light of Heaven. ·went to rest in sainted beauty,
just as she was entering the fair morning of life. Better to die
thus than to wander through life with the phantom of lost hap-piness
at her side. For a memento, we have her lute, the
strings of which have never been swept since death chilled her
fingers; and lying on it are these simple stanzas, traced with a
trembling hand :
ohmy heartis filledwith sadness
Sincethy Fathercalledtheehome;
Hushed iseverynoteof gladness,
amd1 weep thatI'm alone.
I had hoped to enterHeaven
Hnnd iu hancl withthee,my love;
Anchor, on some moonlighteven,
ln thepor.t. rt of blissabove
Wellwell I knewm v lifewereshrouded
in misfourtune'scheerless gloom
All my future prospects clouded,
Iftheyhid theein thetomb.
Dut theangelsbentabovethee,
whispered talesofParadise,
Told nf' saintswhofondly lovethee,
Bore theefromme tu theskies.
Yes, they ope'd the gate of glory
Just enough to let theeio;
needed not mysimple story,
Leftme in thisworld of sin.
I amweary!soonshall layme
onthe couch whereall mustrest;
Asyourbrideyouthen shallclaim me
l a themansionsof the blest.
Allbe ''ows so fondly plighted,
And affectionsomuch prized-
Where no hopesor joysareblighted,
shallbe fully realized.
But afew more days of weeping,
Andmypilgrimageiso'er-
Watchand whenyou seemesleeeping,
Gentlyopethepearlydoor.
The MOTIVES which URGE US TO aim AT high :MENTAL
attainments
While inducements are crowding upon tbe young from every
hand, to enter active life without farther preparation-while
our newspapers are filled with tales of gold, and advertisements
of splendid schemes, and hand-bills stare us at every turn
telling of "great inducements," "fortunes made easy"- permit
me to ask American youth to consider why we should aim at
mental superiority. The way to this is somewhat difficult; yet
not more so than the attempt to gain tbe smiles of fickle for-tune,
and it is crowned with usefulness, adorned with beauty,
and ends in honor.
The reasons for this course lie somewhat in the fields of
wealth and fame, but arise chiefly from our duties to God and
our fellow men. It is a department where the weakest intellect
may rise, and the strongest find ample room for exertion. The
educated man may not be able to performmore manual labor
than the ignorant man ; still, the acquisition of wealth depends
THE amateur 11
mainly upon head-work, the adaptation of means to an encl.
H ence it is plain, that of two men equallydevoted to getting
wealth, the intellectualman will have somuch the advantage in
this fundamental particular, as his mental power is greater
Again, should any one doubt that thorough mental training is
necessary, in order to become renowned, let him search the
annals of fame, and find how few arethose who have startled
the world by their extraordinary powers, andhow insignificant
their attainments, compared with those who have prepared
themselves for life by years of patient, thorough study. I do
.not say that all who study will become renowned; but as a
general rule, all who would be renowned must study. And,
however small the sphere of one's intluence, education will
increase it.
The feeling of satisifaction which the very possession of
knowledge will give,is a great motive. That which distin-guishes
man from the loweranimals, andfromwhichhe receives
the highest happiness, is the possession of the reasoning and
the moral faculties ; and the greater the symmetrical develop·
mont of these, the morecomplete the happiness.
Therefore, in the proper development of the mental and
moral powers, lies to agreat extent, the realization of the chief
encl of man.
The demand of the age i for thinking, ''orking men.
Unnumbered appliances are being constructed to lessen bodily
toil. To make these most useful, they must be managed by
well trained minds. The associations for carrying on investiga-tion
and reforms, have r eached a complication and power to
which history knows no parallel. The demands for intellectual
labor multiply. They come from the field of science, where
the fotmdation of invcstigation has been lately laid, and the
limit is beyond human sight, to wring out great truths and
make them practical, and teach men the principles already
established; so thatthefarmer may no longer turn the furrow,
ignorant of the compositionof the soil and its adaptation to
his crop ; so that every tradesman may be acquainted with
12 THE Amateur
whatever may be of advantage to him; so that Yankee inven-tion
may outdo itself in contributing to the convenience and
happiness of mankind. From schools and colleges, from benev-olent
associations, from churches, and communities destitute of
churches, from editorial sanctums and the cotmcil chambers of
the nation, and from all the heathen world, comes up the call
for thinking heads, warm hearts and willing hands united, to
effect, under God, the reformation of the world.
Those engaged in the propagation of error, practice all the
subtleties which art can furnish, or a well disciplined mind
devise. And shall the vota.ries of truth supinely trust to the
strength of their cause, improperly stated through ignorance,
and unskillfully defended, to grapple with error supported by
every possible artifice? No. While this course is pursued
truth will be crushed to earth, nor will it rise again until its
friends awake to their duty, and girding on the whole armor,
fight manfully for its rescue. Many have already done this ;
but there is imperative need of more. God never does for
man what he has given him means to do for himself Had I
the ability, time would fail me to notice all the reasons why we
should prepare ourselves by thorough mental trainingfor life's
labor. Let us consider them andact wisely.
II HOPE
Hope is the main-spring of all ourjoys. It is a comforter in
the day of trial. It invigorates in every calling of life. But
none enjoy its influence more than the student as heplods his
weary way up the hill of science. He studies that he may gain
some useful station in the world, and be the means of accom-plishing
some good in his day. In life we have a part to act,
and we hope to act it well. We are ever hoping that the
future may bring with it some valued good. We have the
hope, too, that we shall live again. And what a hope is this !
Oh! hope ! thou art an angel whisper to cheer us on- to cheer
us ever till we are brought at last to enjoy the full fruition
which Thou dost promise in a world of light !
THE AMATEUR. 13
ATHING OF BEAUTY IS A JOY FOREVER.
Fairest forms are fleetest ; brightest colors fade soonest ;
and the sweetest pleasures are the shortest lived. Scarcely has
a blossom unfolded its petals before it is snapped by the morn-ing
breeze. .
The sun paints with its declining rays the iris.upon the dark
bosom of a storm-cloud, then sinks and leaves the heavens to
mists and darkness. Smiles of innocence wreathe for a moment
the lips of childhood, and give wa.y to the frown of hatred and
the contortion of pain.
The beautiful is around us on every hand, but it is perishing.
We hardly feel the joy which its existence kindles, before we
are called to mourn its decay. We say of bright images tl1at
have vanished, " They were too lovely to be torn away. Bet-ter
to have remained ignorant of them than to have known
them but for a moment. Better that earth should have ever
been a desert, and life a waste, than to be changed to tl1ese
from a scene of beauty."
But beauty was not made in vain. Its transient glow was
never given that it might grieve the heart by its departure .
.Not thus has it pleased the Author of every gift to order His
works. It was made to create pure and lasting joy. By its
coming it irradiates-by its stay it cheers-and it passes away
at length to wean man from earth, and lead him to the contem-plation
of lasting bliss. It fumishes food for the inner and
higher life, which utility alone can never develop, and thus
renders man susceptible of the enjoyments of P aradise. The
pale flowers that cheer the lonely chamber of the invalid,
the glowing sunset which seems to open portals of bliss to
the weary mariner, all nature's perfections which inspire the
dreams of the artist, and works of art themselves, address tho
heart with a language which passeth speech, and yet we tmder-stand
that language, for its echo in the heart is j oy.
A skeptic who railed alike at t he imperfections of nature
and the feebleness of chance, saw in the court of a prison in
which he was confinecl, a single plant protruding from the
14 THE AMATEUR.
earth. "Alas ! he cried, "how many atttempts must nature
make ereshe can perform one of the imperfect works we every
where behold! How many thousand important germs must
have perished for tl1is one feeble plant which has succeeded in
growing. But he watched its development and ma.rked bow
it adapted itself to circumstances, defending itself against the
damp of night, the heat of day, the ravages of insects, and the
blasts and sleets of mountain storms ; he first doubted chance,
then admired the perfections of nature, then trembling,
adoredGod.
A man of crime whom no terrors could daunt or punishment
reform, saw a beautiful child kneel by its mother's side and lisp
its evening prayer. 'rhen were the sealed fountains of his
nature broken open afresh, and he turned aside to weep and
pray.
A selfish man saw a youth going about doing good, blessing
those who cursed him, and causing the wretched to smile. His
heart was moved, and he wrote a poem which furnished a
painter with an ideal, which he wrought into the most beauti-ful
colors. Ages afterwards one looked on that painting who
said: "There is a thing of beauty. 'ro him who is wise and
considereth shall it be for a joy forever. "
THERE'S ROOM ENOUGH IN heaven FOR .A.LL.
weary of life and all its woes,
And s1ckened at the world's deceit,
I sighed to know if I might find
Fromsorrowe'er, a sure retreat:
And while I mused, I heard the call-
In Heaven, there's room enough for all."
I pierced the azure vault above,
Until I sawthe gntes of Light,
And peering o'er the battlemeuts,
A lovely angel clothed in white,
Was chanting 'mid t.he breath of flowers--
"There's room for all in Eden's bowers."
Those eyes of blue-that suowy brow-
The same browu locks he wore while here;
Altho' be now had golden wings,
Could I mistake my brother dear?
How ]o\v his seraph notes were given-
There's room enough for all in Heaven."
THE Amateur
"Thy missionyet is unperformed,
Help thou, to disunite from dross !
Ando'ereach pilgrim brotherwave
The spotless bannerof the Cross.
Ay, help to hasten error'sfall!
Proclaim there's room in Heav'nfor all.''
"Tell thou that daughter pale with tears
To hasten where her parentswait,-
Thcy lingernow in glory clad,
And whisper from the golden gate,
Haste thee, my darling to the skies,
'fhere's roomfor thee in Paradise
And sire, whoselocks are bleached with age,-
Bereft of all thy heart holds dear;
Droop not; for thou shaltshortly have
Thy treasures in a brighter sphere.
From sin and deaththou shaltbe free,
For there's a home in Heavenfor thee.
And ye, so scornedby the weak,
Because yourcolor's not like oursI
Remember there is room for you
Within Elysium's fairest bowers .
.And you may shine supremely fair,
Beside the brightestangel there.
Yes, mercy's free; and all who will
May purchase gold tried in the fire'
May clothe themselves in raiment white,
And play upon a seraph's lyre.-
May have the sweet assurance given,
That Death is but the gateto lleaven.
Behold on Calvary's mountain top,
The dear Redeemer bow his head;
'The sun refusing there to shine,
The graves to longer bind theirdead ;
He drank the wormwood and the gall,
To purchase room in Heaven for all.
PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
15
The ancients supposed that the earth was round like a wheel,
and flat, with a diversified surface. Coiled round the earth
lay a huge serpent, and outside of the serpent was a ring of ice
mountains sweeping round both land and ocean,. forming the
great outward frame-work of the world. Beyond this was the
jumping-off place.
Some believed that the earth was constructed of a layer of
wind, alayer of water, a layer of substance resembling honey,
a layer of rocks and a layer of soil." Others supposed that the
16 THE amateur
gocls killed a great giant and dragged him to the centre of the
universe ancl out of his body made the world. Of his blood
they made the ocean and all the lakes and rivers : of his flesh
they made the land, while out of his bones they built up the
mountains. His teetll and jaw-bones they broke up into the
stones and pebbles of the earth Out of his skull they made the
vaulted skies, and tossing his brains into the air they became
clouds All this vast and beautiful structure they supposed to
be supported by a great ash tree deeply rooted in the primor-dial
abyss and rising up through the great central mountains of
the world, stretching forth its branches to the farthest heavens
bearing the stars as its fruit. rrhe apparent motion of the sun
and moon was once supposed to be the result of fear from hun-gry
wolves that chased them round and rotmd the heavens from
day to day and year to year. It was thought, too, that Jtmo
had spilt milk in the heavens, and thereby caused the galaxy
Such were some of the notions or theories of the ancients.
To us such vagaries appear worse than ridiculous, but the
developments of science only, have given us anything better or
more rational. Once those notions were more sacred with men
than the best systems on the same subjects are at the present
day with us. Once it wascriminal in the extreme to doubt the
doctrine of the Edda or Sastras. But what a change has been
·wrought in the systems of Geography and Astronomy. .Ac-cording
to the systems of the present, the earth, instead of
being a flat mass of air, water, honey, rock and soil, borne
upon the shoulders of a great giant, is round, like a ball, com-posed
of fire, rocks, soil and water, supported by the laws of
motion and attraction : and instead of being the centre of the
tmiverse, it is but a mere speck of creation scarcely deserving
the attention of the Infinite. The stars, instead of being the
shiningfruit of an ash tree, are now said to be magnificent
worlds- the habitation of other intelligences, perhaps as much
higher in the scale of being than we are, as their abode is
higher and more glorious than ours. The galaxy of the
heavens, instead of beillg milk running through tho celestial
the amateur. 17
. regions, is found to be myriads of stars at such immence dis-tances
from us as not to be distinguishable from one anot.her
by the nakecl eye.
The time was when the movements of the heavenly bodies
were watched to foretell events. Comets and eclipses were
looked upon as precursors of some dire calamity. But now
the philosopher and the student watch the various phenomena
of t,he heavens, with a view to ascertain the size, distance and
motions of the heavenly bodies, and the laws by which they
perform. their sublime and complicated revolutions. There are
other steps yet to be taken in the physical sciences. New
truths and principles are yet to be developed. But the foun-dation
principles are no doubt established. I t is no doubt
established that the earth is an oblate spheriod, and that the
stars are worlds, aud that the galaxy is a system of systems too
infinite for the comprehension of human understanding. These
principles will never change; but they will no doubt be magni-fied
by further investigation and study.· The physical sciences
bring the wisdom, power and glory of the Infinite to view.
When Schroeter looked through the telescope the first time at
the Milky-way, he exclaim eel, What Omnipotence !" The
continued progress in science will from a.ge, to age, revealmore
and moreof Him whose ways are past finding out.
THE DESIRE FOR CHANGE.
"Youth lives on change." Manhood, which is but a revised
edition of boyhood, loses but little of this Jove of novelty
in the revision. You can observe this spirit manifesting itself
in infancy. The toy which is all the world to-clay, will be
flung away in disgust to-morrow. W e children of larger
growth look back over our successive stages of develop-ment,
aud see the Wl'ecks of cast-off pleasures, things and
amusements which once delighted and satisfied our desires for
the moment, as thickly strown along our path of progress, as
the wrecks of vehicles and skeletons of beasts of burden lie
3
18 THE amateur
along the sides of some of our greatwestern emigrant routes.
Wewonder, too, aswe gaze back on the olcl skeletons, how it
was, that they possessed eel such a fascinating charm. Weturn
and ask our ourselves the question, why is it that we must have
something new continually, that life may be spicy? Whyis it
that pleasures like the flowers droop and die? We all feel
that suchis the case, ancl that when Burnssaid,
Plensurcs nre like poppiesspread,
You seizethe ftowcr, its bloom isshed,
orlike the snow-fallson tbc river,
A momentwhite-then meltsfoever.
He embalmed truth in his language, as well as poetry.
Wee answer our own question : W o sayman is a progressive
being. Ile is placed in this world t.o pass through an unfolding
process. Like the plant, man has his successive stagesof ger-mination,
aestivation and frnctificntion. As the plant at each
successive stage of development requires new materials to
satisfy the demands of its being, so man in each successive
stage of his growing mental capacity requires new aliment.
The old satisfieth not; hence, this appetite for change.
W e all remember our days when popguns were all the rage ;
then tho season when hunting and fishing were the acme of
delight; then the period of romance, when castle-buildingand
yellow covered literaturewere our paradise. Then came the
desire for something more solid, and the student's life held out
inducements so bright that we thought that this was the neplus
ultraof all earthly occupations.
The experienceof the student's lifehas taught us that science
does not give to her votariesthe waterof life to dl'ink, for the
more we drink at her fountains, the more we thirst. Know-leclge
alone can neversatisfy the longings of the human soul.
Can wealth? No. lt is oftener a corrodingcarethan asolace.
J olmson's Abyssinianprince Rassolas pined and grew tired
of life from his confinement in "HappyValley although he
surrounded by wise and good men, and every pleasure and
luxury that nature and art could produce were placed within
his reach. He felt there was a sameness tl1ere,- that certain
l
The AMATEUR. 19
elements of food which his soul craved, were wanting. He
learned that there was a, great active world outside of his nar-row
confinement, and he longed to mingle withits varieties.
So we often long to quit the narrow boundaries of college
life, and launch out into a wider sea of existence. Would we
then be satisfied ? Would all the vaJ:iety in the widefield of
active life satisfy our craving appetite? Human experience
answers- no! The old discontent follows us. Wecannot run
away from it. Go east, west, north, or south, it is still our
guest. It is well, too, that it is. It is continually driving man
from his position, by turningthe platform on which he stands,
to dust. Take thy position higher, says discontent, as his
standing places continually crumble beneath his feet. How
often do we attempt to compromise withthis roving spirit ; but
conservatism is unknown to her. Poor indeed is the man who
never felt the lashings of her whip; but miserable is he who
yields himself up to her mercy.
Discontent is a great power to overcome our inertia; but she
must be bridled by reason, and guided by religion. Otherwise,
this blessing becomes a curse.
SIIAKSPEARE'S SEVEN AGES.
All the world's a stage,
An<l all tho men and women merely players :
They have their exits and their entrances,
and one man in his time plays many parts,
Hisacts being seven ages. At first, the infant
Mewling and puking in the nurse'sarms.
'fhen, tho wb.ining school-boy, with his satchel,
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then, the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woful ballad
made to his mistress' eye-brow. Then, a soldier.
full of strangeoaths, andbearded like the pard,
Jealous in honor1 sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth. And then, the justice,
In fair rottn<l belly, with good caponlin'd,
With eye severe, and beard of formal cut,
Full of' wise saws nnd modern instances;
A,nd so be plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into thelean and sllpper'd pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose, und pouch on side;
J{is youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank,and his big manly voice,
Turningagain toward childish treble, pipes
An<l wb.isl!es in bis sound. Last scene of all,
'l'hat ends tb!s strange eventfttl history,
Is second chil<lisbness, and mere oblivion ;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans every thing.
20 the amateur..
:MATERIALISM AND IDEALITY.
In the moral training and education of man, the great object
is not so much to present new light, to bring forward new
trntbs, as to enforce those that have already been obtained;
and to induce him to live up to his own convictions of right and
wrong. In intellectual education, new truths are unfolded at
every step, and new light is constantly breaking in upon the
mental vision; but from the facil ity and rapidity with which
the mind seizes upon new truths and ideas, the great impor-tance
of applying reasonable theories to profitable practice, is
greatly overlooked.
There is an ideal world and a world of fact, stern uncompro-mising
fact and to one or the other of these, as centers, the
great mass of mincl seems to gravitate. Tl1ey are extremes in
the moral world between which hitherto no practicable means
has been discovered. Theory and practice have become antago-nisms,
and no means adequate to unite them has been found in
any modern system of education.
To give back-bone to the ideal man, and to oil up the iron
j oints of the rough materialist, so that the one may move effi-ciently
and the other easily, is a problem yet to be solved.
The one whose proclivities are theoretical and metaphysical,
betakes himself to the modern cloister, and after winding
through the misty labyrinths of ancient lore, emerges with
his intellect burnished, and shining with classic lustre. He
breathes a theoretical atmosphere ; he uses no material fact as a
fulcrum for his lever ; he disdains it ; abstract truth is the food
of his soul. H e takes no knowledge of the concrete until he
measures it by the abstract. The more mythology he can mix
up with his religion, the better. And he is never more pleased
than when wound up in some mystical web of metaphysical
reasoning.
But the one practically inclined, takes the opposite extreme.
He confines his field of thought within the sphere of his sensi-bilities.
Every angle that he draws, every circle that he
describes, and every material that he analyzes, only tends to
the amateur 21
center his soul in the world of sense, until seizing his crucible
and blow-pipe, he exclaims : "Bring hither the Almighty and
I will smelt Him as ore and reduce Him to primary elements."
Because he cannot see the great I am with a telescope ;
because no where in the visible organic creation can he locate
the secret council chamber of the MostHigh, he believes He
is not. All phenomena or appearances in intelligent animate
beings, are manifestations which he refers to the action of the
nervous matter of the brain : consequently he has no desire for
the future, no hopes for immortality.
He discovers the millions of animalculae that float in a dropof
water, and refers their origin to a law of development. He
holds that our nebular system, if not the whole universe, was
once a mass of vapory matter in chaotic confusion, which a
similar law licked into shape, set the planets in motion and
peopled them with intelligent beings. He even traces his own
ancestors back to :Mollusk and Trilobite, of the Silurian period.
This is the rough materialist. He despises theory and specula-tion
; man with him possesses no moral naturehe has no God
but nature, no life but the present.
These are representativecharacters of different mental devel-opment
and of different channels of education. These two
great channels lie in opposite directions : if we take the one we
come out theorists, if the other, materialists.
As theorists, we can prove anything, as materialists, nothing.
Thematerialist denies all intuitive t ruths and convictions, and
cannot reason because he dare not make an asumption. With-out
the range of his five senses and his own individual experi-ence,
he finds no fact that he is willing to receive, no.truths
that he is willing to admit. The theorist, on the other hand,
drawsfrom some erroneouspremises a chain of reasoning, upon
the brittle links of which he fain would suspend the entity of
the Eternal. H e throws aside all human experience, tramples
upon reason and gives place to the wildest, and most irrational
theories. Ought, then, the materialist to be blamed so severely
for his ultra views and belief, since the theorist takes such ex-treme
grounds?
22 TilE amateur
Can no mean proportional be found that shall effectually
absorb and cull out the shattered fragments of truth found in
these extremes, and thus furnish the framework of a system for
the uniform development of the mind ; they are fanatical on
both sides.
Will not some eclective reformer step in and commence the
work?
Theory must be reducedto practice : stern fact be made the
square of all mentaland moral conceptions.
Institutions for one-sided development must be torn clown
and others erected in their stead. Teachers of morals as well
as science must be prepared ancl sent forth, able to scan the
great fields of truth and to point out their boundaries by land-marks
of facts. And the curtains must be drawn aside from
the mind, and the suns rays from the moral, as well as the
mental world, permitted to float with their soft, mellow halo,
through all the chambers of the soul.
HUGH MILLER.
'l'hcrc are many bright stars in the glorious constellations of
mind ; but second to none is the immortal Hugh :Miller, the
Scotch geologist. In writing four geological works he has
made the world a most opportune presentation. Infidel geolo-gists
endeavored to overthrow the Mosaic account of creation ;
and the author of "The VestigeVs estiges" thought to give the Bible a
death blow.
A thousand ministers, alarmed shrunk away in fear and
sighed, "alas! for the Bible;" wbi.le as many others more cow-ardly
still, cried out that "Geology was all a lie." Bnt Miller,
with a few others, faced the enemy like a man : discomfitted
them with their own weapons. Hugh Miller ·was the man for
the age. He came-a mystery. He ftllfillecl a grancl and glo-rious
mission anclleft the world as be came- a. mystery.
THE amateur 23
"THE BERLIN PHILOSOPHER."
The ancient tenc1ency to deify the hero of the battle-field
seems not yet to have been entirely eradicated. Once men
worshipped as a god the man ca.pable of the greatest physical
exploits; now they worship mind, and claim that a great intel-lect
is itself a passport to Heaven. rrhese thoughts are sug-gested
by the recent discussion in the European press whether
the great "Berlin Philosopher" be worthy a seat in Heaven.
We take our pen to neither write his death warrant nor sign
his passport; for we do not so far distrust the ability of the
great Judge as to imagine that He has need of an attorney ;
but we bad hoped that the "enlightened world" had long
since ceasecl to fotmd the hope of a future rewatd on intellect-ual
attainment. And we would say to those who hold t.his
view, that it is extremely doubtful whether there be two doors
to the heavenly mansion ; and if their intellectual theory be
true, certainly their case is doubtful. It has been said that
Alexander Von Humboldt was the first since Aristotle, who
embraced in its completeness all humanscience. It can at least
be said that he was the greatest student of N Nature the world
has known. His mind was emphatically "The State House
where N Nature's own statutes seemed wrought." He labored
not less to discover and arrange, so as to harmonize for human
tmderstanding, the greater forces of Nature, than to search for
the minutiae of physical arrangements ; for not only,
He traced God's foot-prints on the star-sandsthat beach
Lone gulfs of lb.e infinite, baffling thoughts reach,
And, on night's golden rosary, planet-impearled,
Told his aves ana credos, each least bead a world.''
But he was one,
Who, give but a scale, could construct you the shark.''
He grappled with nature and subj ected to his control the
world of physical phenomena. Feeling, as he himself remarks,
that the propagation of an earnest and sound knowledge of
science was the element of national success, he made the bold
resolve that he would, by meditative contemplation, penetrate
the rich luxuriance of living Nature, and lay back the vapory
24 the AMATEur.
vail in which her laws were shrouded. How he has succeeded
in this, the accustomed homage and deference to him from the
scientific world, and the volumes of living thought which he
has compiled, stand as his witness. Whetherhis heart was led
by the study of nature to found a hope on nature'sGod, or
whether it continued to wander amid the dark mists of mate-rialisrn
seeking to discover some great secret force fabled as
the motive power of all action, instead of recognizing a Su-preme
intelligence and revealed religion, are questions not easily
answered.
CHANGE .ALONE Immutable
We live in a world of change. " P assing away," "unstable,"
"fleeting," may be said of a.ll things earthly. The seasons
come and go ; the flowers bloom but to fade; the leaves come
forth and cheer us for a few brief days with their freshness and
beauty, then fall into the serewither, fade, and die. Even the
surface of the globe knows change. Where once ·were smiling
fields and waving woods, is now the burning motmtain, pouring
forth its fearful torrents of lava, fire and death; and where yes-terday
the old hills stood with towered cities sleeping in their
shadow, to-da.y the wild waves are sporting, mocking alike
earth's pride and man's security. Even man himself, the
crowning work in God's creation, is changeful as the tints upon
a floweret or firelight shadows upon the evening wall; and more
fleeting than the scenes upon which he gazes. And these
changes are not confined to earth. Take fancy's wing and soar
to the vast realms of space, in which swings onr planet like a
vaporous dropin the ocean of our atmosphere, and you find this
same principle. With each passing moment a new phase is
assumed by some of those shining ones ; there a distant orb
glows with unwonted brilliancy like a world in conflagration
and anon is stricken out forever : here some vast convulsion has
rentone globe in sunder ancl well nigh three score angular and
unshapen forms are swinging in their orbits, proclaiming the
cllanges that were wrought.
25
But let us r eturn to earthand see if from this seeming con-fusion
order may not be educed. Truly it may, for here at
least, these very changes are governed by a law, and that law
alone is fixed aud immutable. In nature change seems but
synonymous with clevelopmeut. The wonderously beautiful
forms in the vegetable world are but the results of a seroes of
developments in accordance with the principles of this fixed
law. Here isa seed. Wee look but upon its rough exterior,
little dreaming what a world of beauty is slumbering within its
integumentsand should we peer within, we arc not able to dis-cern
with the unaidedeye, the delicately penciled leaf,which in
all its perfection of outline lies folded there, ready at the first
admission of light and moistureto burst its t iny shell, and come
for th to assumeother ::mcllovlier forms, buds, flowers and fruit ;
yet here its changes do not cease, for in its decay and death, no
less than in its life, this same str ange law appears The ele-ments
are yielded up to whence they came, elevated and
refined, and prepared for new combinations of more exquisite
harmony and beauty.
But we may leave particulars, and take for examples the
whole vegetable world. We know how infinitely variecl and
perfectare its products, fim the lichen on the rocks or the
stapelia in the deserts, up through innumerable varieties, to the
green of our flora, or the more gorgeously tinted blossoms of
the tropics ; but we may not stop to remember, how step by
step, passing t hrough organization after organization, all this
infinitude has been developed from only a simple membranous
cell, enclosing a colored fluid.
Ourearth wasnot always the solid mass we see it now, and
whether it was once a gaseous body thrown into rotation by its
own action, or a molten mass revolving by its cooling and con-sequent
contraction ; whatever theory of cosmogony we may
assume, We lmow that its presentappearance has resulted from
the formation of strata, either with their unstratified base resting
on a solid foundation, or a molten mass, till upon the earth's
crust a soil has been formed capable of supporting vegetable
and animal life. Ancl this latter. too, as well as tbe vegetable
4
26 The AMATEUR.
world, maybe said to have followed the same progressive law,
until perfected in man.
The Geologist will tell us, that as we find stratum above
stratum, so do we find fossil above fossil, and each succeeding
one of a higher order than the last, and so the development
goes on until we arrive at man, who, comparedwith the rest of
Nature's works, is its perfection. Yet man is not perfect, but
physically, mentally, and morally, may he continue what Nature
has so nobly commenced, and, indeed, must continue; for if
not advancing in the seale of being, he is pursuinga retrograde
movementand in either case, exemplifying this immutable law
of change. And when this earthly form shall have ceased to
be animated by the living spirit, it shall not cease to exist ; but
surrenderingupits individual being, shall it go to mingle with
the elements, to be a brother to the insensible rock and the cold
clod which the rude swain turns with his share and treads
upon." The clements that were mingled in, the brain of Con-fuciusmayto-
morrow flow in our own life current, and portions
of our own material form may bloom in the next violet or this-tle
that grows.
Thus while we believe that in the whole universe this princi-ple
exists, we know that here change is alone immutable.
KOSSUTH. .
For one under the Goverment of the United States, wl1ere
every man is a king, to declarehis love for the cause of liberty,
is not wonderful. He was born and has grown to manhood in
a country where he was taught in his earliest childhood that
"Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God." But for one who
has listened to God save the King" ever since he came to
understand the import of the language-for one who has been
taught to regard the command of the King as the command of
God-for one who has always been told to regard the aspirant
after liberty as a traitor only worthy of death- for such an one
to trusthis fortune and his life in the declaration of the inde-penclence
of his country, is indeed wonderful, and all men who
have thus risked their all in the service of their country, have
been consiclerecl worthy of being held in remembrance by sue-
THE amateur 27
ceeding generations. It was thus that the Romans regarded
the founders of their republic. I t is thus that we regard Wash-ington
and the patriots that were associated with him in the
great struggle for American independence. It is thus that
Kossuth should be regarded by every lover of national inde-pendence
and a republican form of government, for, though he
was unsuccessful and the nationality of his country was destroy-ed,
yet no Hungarian lays this ruin to his charge, and the first
lesson taught the infant :Maygar is a blessing on his name. The
vast volcano which lias been gathering under the European
continent has at last broke out. I ts scorching, thundering
flames have burst forth, and soon the thrones of despotism will
be scattered to the winds of heaven. The battle between free-dom
and tyranny will soon be fought. The clash of arms has
ah·eady been heard, and the bulwarks of oppression will. soon
fall. Kossuth, true to the interests of his country, has left his
quiet home in England to j oin the Hungarian army under Louis
Napoleon, believing that thus he may the more readily accom-plish
the end for which he bas devoted his fortune and his life.
He will not head a foolish outbreak, which will only be detri-mental
to the interests of Hungary, but if the independence of
his country can now be achieved, no means will be left to secure
it. God speed Kossuth in his efforts for Hungarian independ-ence.
"Forgiveness is the odor which flowers yield when trampled
on." Sweet flowers when crushed to earth do yield a double
fragrance, and their rich perfume is shed for him who so rudely
breaks heaven's delicate token of love. So the gentle loving
heart that is nearly crushed by the cruel and thoughtless, sends
forth from its meek spirit a fragrance sweeter than that of
flowers-the odor of human kindness. Manyflowers left to
bloom undisturbed, conceal half their sweetness, and the heart
that never receives one bruise, never has its sensibilities stirred
by mistrust and harshness, cannot know even its own power of
love and kindness. Were it not for wrongs, mortals would
never know that the htLman soul cherished the pure principles
of forgiveness. Forgiveness ! Tl1ere always seems to be some-
.
28 THE AMaTEUR.
thing sacred, yes, almost holy, in this word. T hou a.rt forgiven !
How sweet, how soothing these words, when falling from the
lips of an injured friend : when loved ones, chilled for a while by
cold tones and freezing looks, thus seek again the dear boon of
friendship.
Thrice happy the man whose heart has been so schooled in
the meek lessons of humanity, that from his heart he can give
this blessed wordutterance..
ORATION
On the death of L. M. Bradley delivered beforethe amphictyonsociety
March 21, 1859.
Mr. Presidentandgentlemen:
One of our objects in assembling thisevening is, to pay a
meet tribute of respect to our departed brother, Lucian M.
Bradley, who has now left our Society here on earth to join
that other Society, not indeed, assembled in earthly courts, but
in the " halls of Immensityin the unseen world. And while
we weep over the untimely departure of ourbrother, and feel
that our Society has lost a valuable member, and tbe Institu-tion
one of her gifted and promising students, we would not
forget that there are othersalso, to whom he was connected by
closer ties, to whom our words of sorrow must sound heartless
and cold. It becomes me at this time, Mr.President, to speak
not only of death, but also of life ; not only of the melancholy
bereavement which we have all experienced in this, to us, sad
dispensation of Providence, but also of the immortal hopes and
destiny that, as a student, our brother had and still has in com-mon
with us all.
"Forever on the verge of an inevitable death, man can for-get
that he is born to die." Standing upon the brink of that
abyss which separates time and eternity, he can c1isregard and
ignore its existence. Of this life, which contains in it the seeds
of a never-ending duration of weal or woe, he can conceive
lightly, as a means, as an implement, wherewith to perform
labor and earn money. To such conceptions, and to no higher,
of this life's transcendent interests and far-reaching conse-quences,
do the great mass of the human race attain.
the amateur 29
Sad, indeed, Gentlemen, to behold ten hnndrecl millions of
human beings, created in the image of God, and endowed with
rational and immortal capacities, by which they are made heirs
of this tmivcrse, and only required to take possession of their
birthright : sad, I say, to see all these, generation after gener-ation,
so strangely forgetful of their celestial l1eritage, so
strangely forgetful of their origin and destiny, and sinking
down into hopeless inactivity, or at.most industriously gobbling
their earthly pottage, and caring only to clothe and feed the
body ; while the soul for which the body and all material things
exist is abandonecl to nudity ancl starvation.
But the student, when entering upon his career as an intellec-tual
being, is supposed to have truer, broader and deeper views
of life. At first, of course, but vague and indistinct; but suffi-ciently
clear, however, to prom})t to forsake tho beaten track
over which the millions blindly groping, pass onward to eter-nity,
and to perform his march to the land of spirits along a
higher path, through a land all rich and fragrant with the
incense of purity and holiness. We believe,- and this belief
incites ns to every effort for the enlargement of our mental
vision, that the happiness of the spirit world will depend in
part upon the capacity of theson\. If this be but a nutshell
capacity, it willbe filled; if an ocean capacity, still it will be
filled.
After passing beyond the frontiers of time, what are tho
contemplations of the serf of Russia or the American slave,
compared with those of a Newton or Laplace ? Both, however,
start fromthe same point; that is, blank ignorance. But the
idea that one may be lost intellectually, as well as morally, has
never yet been generally recognized. W o arc here upon eart.h
to fight battles and achieve victories, the resnlts of which
eternity alone will unfold.
A principal pnrsuit of the higher intelligences will be to
obtain wider range and scope of vision, and more exalted con-ceptions
of those departments of knowledge of which in this
life they required only the elements. Newton may now be
exploring that solemn, soundless sea, upon the shores of which,
in this life, he represents himself as having gathered but
pebbles.
30 the amateur
Milton is now traversing the empyreal fields of light, of
whose mystic splendors in dim poetic numbers he has so sub-limely
sung. But the Paradise L ost, with all its transcendent
worth, is tame, compared with the hallowed and godlike epics
that now fill the spacious ehambers .of his imagination. And
the divine voice is still poured around him," and the sympho-nies
and harmonies, not of Eden's Paradise, but of the "Para-dise
of God."
As I saicl before, these visions and conceptions of the deeper
meaning of life, are at first but vague and obscure. But as the
student proceeds in his upward course, they continue to bright-en.
Carrying in his hand the lamp of heaven, with buoyant
heart and exultant tread, he presses his way onward, glad to
have escnped the prison-house of ignorance. As with glad
heart he pursueshis journey onward and upward, the vista of
the fnture opens upon his view. His most foncl visions arc
beginning to be realized, and he sees and knows that he holds
direct relations to all spiritual truth, to God and to all holy
beings.
We all know the quiet and unobtrusive character of our
brother who lately walked among us. He was retiring and
unostentatious. But I have often thought that the richness
andglory of this inner life, of which we have been speaking, is
in inverse ratio to the outward activity and display. We are
prone to believe, Gentlemen, that the man who lives altogether
in this world, in war, in commerce and in politics, has no other
dwelling place.
But ourbrother has now been cut down in death; has left
us, and we sec himno more. And we have now come to strew
flowers upon his grave; to muse upon the mystery of life, of
death, of our clrop of time in the ocean of mystery, ere we
turn again to the conflict of life, whereon, as yet, lies our des-tiny.
And, what is it to die? What is it but to enter the
sooner upon that immortal heritage which the ever-blessed God
has in store for us all, if we are faithful to the high trust he has
reposed in us? And while we plod ourwearyway over the
deserts of time, covered ancl blinded with the dust of this lower
world, he has only preceded us in the realization of the Stu-dents'
Hope."
the amateur 31
WHAT KIND OF PICTURES ARE WE PAINTING?
Our characters, like beautiful pictures, are made up of a
strange mingling of light and shade. Each one of us is a.n
artist, employed upon a work that shall grow more and more
beautiful and glorious, when the valued paintings of the old
masters shall be obliterated and forgotten.
We are painting immortal pictures to hang in the gallery of
Eternity: this College is our studio, where clay after day, we
are adding new touches, new in1pressions, that must forever be
retained. Shall we, like skillful artists, strive by a harmonious
blending of light and shade, to have ::t perfect design so beauti-fully
executed, that it shall be worthy to adorn a mansion in
Heaven; or shall we, like one painting in the dark, thoughtlessly
and carelessly apply the colors, hoping that somehow these ran-dom
strokes will produce beauty ancl harmony? As well might
the artist thinkto embody upon the canvass a form of exquisite
symmetry ::mel grace, from confused and broken touches, as for
us to hope to develop harmony and beauty of character unless
with a skillful, steady hand and unobstructed vision, upon the
foundation of intelligence and virtuous principle, we confine the
clelicate tints of forbearance, forgiveness, courtesy, and charity,
which give harmony, beauty and finish to the scene.
Our fellow students are getting the impressions of our pic-tures
fixed on their minds, and these arc to be carried away anc1
remembered when other feet shall tread these classic halls and
this shall become a studio for strangers.
They will remember us then as they see us now, clay after day,
upon the walks or in the halls. If we always meet them with
gentle words and friendly smmilesfrom hearts overflowing with
kindness, if our worcls of encouragement and cleeds of love fall
upon their weary hearts like dew upon the witheredflower, if
they find us always firmandfearless in the cause of truth and
right, they will remember us as we remember the rare picture
of some great artist, that we have chanced to meet in our wan-derings,
and which we rememb'er always as having made us
better by the sight.
32 the amateur
LiberalE.D UCATION-LIBERAL THOUGIIT .
It is a note-worthy facttbat a trulyliberal education seldom
fails to make a man liberal in his sentiments. Ever since
the trimuphs of education began to berecorded, the graduates
of the worlds great schools have been generally found to be
republicans.
Personal ambition, aided by the corrupting influence of
society, has sometimes turnedthem from liberty to despotism :
but many, in spite of temptation, have remained in every land
the friends and advocates of human liberty.
Indelible pictures of political liberty are painted upon the
young miJ{d while perusing the democratic pages of the Grecian
and Roman classics. This influence is feared by monarchical
governments. It was one of the great powers of the Htmgarian
revolutions. 'l'he thousands of young men that had gone from
the institutions of Vienna had been scattered over Ilungary, and
remembering those classic visions of universal happiness, were
ready to respond to the call to make their "Fatherland free.
It was within the walls of that institution that the seed of the
revolutionwas sown. It was the professors and students, sup-ported
by a vast concourse of Viennese who marched to the
imperial palace to echo the demand of Kossuth for their own
liberties and for the liberties of their country. The Au.strian
government has stricken from the college course the more
liberal classics and every thing that would awaken in the minds
of the youth the desire of a free government. That education
which is dangerous to the tyranical government of Austria is a
securityto the republican government of America. Without
this liberal education our government will fail-with it, it is
everlasting.
Memories
Strange thoughts hover round me to night :-I sit by the
open window; the cool air fans my brow :-A few golden rays
of the sun, as he slowly sinks to his ocean home, peep cautiously
in at the half open cloor, as if to wish me a sweet good night,
and then retire. The merry laugh of lighhearted girlhood is
the amateur
borne to my cars, but now the pealsfind no answering echo in
my own heart for my thoughts are far away. 'Tisasimple
thing, only a book wad, a bunch of withered flowers lying
before me, but they have awakened feeelings, which must l)e
held in check, else they will overrun and conquer all beside.
AsI look atthe faded flowers, whiletheevening shadows fall,
rendering other objects invisible they are clasped by a fairy
hand : I look again, and from the gloaming, aface all radiant
with smilesbemus forth. The same earnest lovelighted eyes,
the same fair brow half hid with raven ringlets, the same
form of onoe that I had loved, is before me. Again we arc
children, we live in the brown house by the river where we
used to go to watch the fishes in their pastimes, then we chased
the sunbeams :mel the butterflies through the nd aucl we
gathered spring flowers, ('twas always sunshine then, and
flowers were brighter than now) ; but wearying of our sports
we W'ent home ; there loved ones would greet our return, there
warm hearts were beating for us alone. But while I look, the
flowers grow brighter, and the form fairer, and I know that my
sistcr isbefore me, there in the twilight ;-I rise from my scat
to clasp her to my heart with the old greeting; I extend my
hand, there is nothing there bnt the book and the flowers; I
was alone ;-mechanically my eyes wandered from the flowers
on the table, to the fair fields which lie smiling in the face of
lleaven, just where the finger of the church spire points up to
the angel's home, there a little mound that I well remember
catches my eye, and I wonder why I had thought to clasp the·
hand of my sister then, for as I lookecl up into the quiet stars
old memories thronged around me, :md I thought how, when
the bridal robes had graced her form scarce a twelvemonth, and
tho orange flowers were yet fresh in the bands of the dark
hair, that wehad wrapped the snowy shroud around her, and
folded her hands over a pulselcss breast, and laid her there in
the churchyard under the violets; I had only been indulging in
a reverie;there lay the flowers, the last gathered by my dead
sister, but the fairy hand that once claspetl them hadmouldered
5
the .AMATEUR.
back to dust, aud·I am alone. Though at times earth seems
dark and lonely without a sister, yet I would not again enthrall
her freed spirit with the chains which once bound her ; and as I
look on her mirrored face, and think of her pure life and high
examples, I know 'tis even "better to have loved and lost than
never loved at all."
Radicalism IN REFORM.
REform implies the existence of something wrong, which
needs to be removed. Radicalism in reform demands the posi-tive
and immediate removal of the evil without concession or
compromise. The idea of reform is purely a radical idea. It is
radical because it is based on the principle of right. Where
right is, there no reform is needed. Where evil exists there is
a need of reform, and there can be no reform except in accord-ance
with the principles of justice and right. Therefore a con-cession
or compromise in reform is a concession and compro-mise
of the right, which is a sin and a wrong to humanity.
Upon this principle we shall oppose radicalism to concession in
reform. In the moral world there are but two antagonistic
forces, namely, the right and the wrong. These are entirely
distinct from each other, and always opposed. Which shall
yield? It is urged by the opposers of the radical principle,
that the organizations of society are such that it cannot be
received by the masses- that they are not intellectually pre-pared
for it, and hence concessions must be granted, not in the
principle, but in the rigid and immediate demands of the prin-ciple,
to suit the necessities of society-that a rigid adhering to
the principle would only exasperate and establish more firmly,
rather than conciliate, and win over to thought the conse!'vative
class, and the apologizers for the great evils that exist in society,
in church, and in State. Is this position a true one? Do rea.
son and experience sustain it? Now, right is at the foundation
of all reform, and right is immutable Hence, any bending of
this principle to suit any selfish end, is a violence to it, and so
THE AMATEUR. 35
is opposed to reason. If ignorance is ever an apology against
radical principles in any country, it cannot be in thisenlight-ened
land. It is true, men are mulish and attached to their
sins; but that is no argument against truth, which is radically
opposed to any wrongs that may exist. Right is just as dis-tinct
from wrong as fire is distinct from water, and can no more
mingle. But right is positive and consequently radical, and
being the foundation of reform, it follows that unless there is a
radical reform there is no reform. Can any such teachers of
reform be found ? Has the world ever seen any? If so, their
history will furnish an example. Was not Christ a radical
reformer? H e was the embodiment of justice and right, there-fore
he must have been a model reformer. If the Bible be
true, he was the most radical and exacting reformer the world
has ever seen. He attackecl without scruple, the :most conser-vative
sects of the day. His doctrine was hostile to the estab-lished
laws and principles of that nation's action to which he
came ; and the masses were less prepared for the reception of
his doctrine than the common people of our land, as regards
ignorance and prejudice; but he made no concessions of his
principles on any account. From Him came the great principle
which forms the basis of all human society and governments,
namely, "Thou shalt love the Lord with all thy mind and
might, and thy neighbor as thyself. Radicalism is only
another name for this same principle, which demands first·
supreme homage to God, and equal love to man, as roan.
This is the backbone of all reform. Every true reformer
that has appeared has only been such, as he has rigidly adher-ed
to this principle and followed the example of its author.
Concession in reform, then, is opposed to Christ and the Bible.
Now there are great evils existing in our land, which threaten
its destruction, and an abolitionof these evils can only be
effected by the best institutions. Hence, we cannot hope to'
see it effected through the great political parties that rival each
other ; for they are founded upon the principle of concession.
The Republican party has professecl to adopt enough of truth
36 the AMATEUR.
to shield it from the oclium of the superficial observer, and thus
deceived, multitudes of honest men have given their influence
in this direction, thinking they were doing the best in their
power to uproot the great evil of slavery. But when sounded,
this party is found to contain none of the essential elements of
reform, and its falsely called republicanism is justly styled
"Black Rcpnblicanism,"- not that the rival party that thus
stigmatizes them is any better.
observation has shown that in the present leading political
organizations, selfishness and a desire for power has been the
cncl sought more than the overthrow of our national evils. I t
was by concessionand compromise that slavery first gained a
foothold on our fair soil. So of other evils. The Republican
party is acting on the same principle, and of course arc effect
ing nothing, because they are acting contrary to the principle
of true reform ; therefore, it ought not to be tolerated.
The Church is the purestand only really reformative institu-tion
in the land; but she hasbecome so corrupt and conserva-tive
that she has lost half her power and is becoming a source
of defense, rather than a means of destruction to evil. This
cannot be denied. Why is this? Is it not because she has
stepped clown from the platform on which Christ established
her, aucl madecompromises with the world and Satan ? N Noth-ing
is truer than that God holds the church responsible for
American slavery,for did she follow the example and teachings
of Christ and the Apostles, she has the means of striking off
the fetters from every slave inthe land. Is this the church
that God loves and honors ? Is it dearer to him than the
apple of his eye?" Is it engraven upon his hand ? Does he
ask ns to swear allegiance to a church that will take his holy
word and so pervert it as to make it sustain so foul a system,
" the sum of allvillainy?" The church South does all this, and
the church NorthNorthta.kes the same authority to justify them in
holding fellowship with them when God forbids it. But many
of these modern religionists vainly suppose that church and
ministerial sins arenot to be reproved. While there arc many
()
the amateur 37
bright and noble exceptions, yet though sad, it is true, that the
church is cursed with a hireling priesthood that connive at, ancl
apologize for, this evilin the church. But this is the result of
concession, and is sufficient to show its absurdity. Human
action floats in two charu1els, one of truth, the other of false-hood,
and a concession of the truth turns it into the channel of
error.
OUR OLD SCHOOL HOUSE
Kate, do you remember the old school house at the corner?
Yes, truly, who does not, with its long gabled roof and six
windows on each side and two at each end, the front door
opening between the two in the front, and the master's sanctum
between the two in the rear; what ominous glances said sanc-tum
was the target for-from stmcb:y eyes, black, blue, and
brown, and silently did they watch the mysterious oracle who
ensconsed himself behind its imposing front-but tl1e school
house did not merely consist in the walls and windows, desks
and floors, maps and globes.-0, no! it included all thatsur-rounded
it for the space of a quarter of a mile-the hill just
beyond, where we used to have such glorious sled rides in
winter, when each youthful gallant vied with his neighbor in
his attention to cherub forms, with sparkling eyes, and floating
ringlets-and the pond :in the field to the right---0, what scenes
of sliding and skating-and those solemn old woods just
beyond, how many child-voice echoes still resound through their
leafy branches, as I recall the days of childhoocl mirth-0,
happy childhood, would that thou wert immortal. But now our
various teachers, with all their peculiarities, come up before us.
The first teacher I had the pleasure of being introduced to, was
a kind lady'vith such a noble, or as novelists say,such glorious
hazel eyes, raven locks, and high spiritual brow, that you \Vere
surean angel had taken its abode in human form, ever smiling
approval upon our childish efforts, as we accomplished the first
great exploit in the experience of every youthfLtl a, b, c. darian.
38 the .AM.A.TEUR.
The next who presided over the developments of our immortal
genius, was a lady, tall, prim, and angular, who always sat bolt
upright and expected every body else to do the same, and woo
to that urchin who dared to disobey "the rules." I always
kept an eye upon her, whether inmischief or not, and many of
her pupils, to do this, were said to sleep with their eyes open.
Then came a smiling gentleman, just from college, with his
graceful bows and Latin quotations, and pelfluned locks-just
a beau ideal, all the large girls said. I did not · fully compre-hend
the title, but felt quite sure that there never was any body
to whom I would rather give either my pet kitten or canary-but
he left for the great city, to study for a profession, and we
were again consigned to the tender mercies of a stranger peda-gogue.
He proved to be just the reverse of our last much
loved teacher in many respects-with his merry Irish face, red
curly wig and crooked black eyes; we were always in ecstacies
of merriment, whenever we caught sight ofhis amusing phiz-we
were always laughing at his Irish accent, and watching an
opportunity to pin papers and carricaturesto his coat, or stick
flowers in his hair- his birchen rod was always glued fast to
the desk, and the tongue of the bell was always wanting at the
right time-and many an extra quarter of an hour recess did
we get by this means, while he was making repairs :-but he
took all in good part and seemed to enjoy our jokes. Then
came and went, sundry and divers others, too numerous to
mention,-with eyes black, blue, and brown, squinted and
crossed,-teachers kind and judicious, who won our young
hearts, and gave study a relish, and teachers whose slightest
worcl made the blood freeze (and so forth-but) though those
days have long since passed, and we have resigned the old
school house and allits concomitants, to a later date of juven-iles,
though bygones are bygones, still reminiscences of those
ancient days often sweep over the soul, and make us better and
happier.
THE AMATEUR. 39
Extractsfrom a letter from Francis J. Douglas, Missionary,bound to Jamaica.]
GuLF Stream, May 14, 1859.
DEAR FriendsAT Home:
This is a fine sunny day as May ever saw; we have a
smooth sea ancl fair wind. We are all in good health and
spirits. Last Monday we began to be sea sick and have had it
by turnsuntil now we feel nearly well. I took two hours on
Tuesday forenoon in getting down a slice of toasted bread with
the aid of a little lemon, which you see made lemon-aid (ade) .
I spend much of my time on deck; it greatly revives me, when
I am able to do it, to get my head over the bulwark and quaff
the full breeze fromthe ocean. A favorite place hasbeen to
stand upon the forecastle, where I am teetered np and down
twenty or thirty feet, as the end of the vessel rises and falls
over the swellings of the sea. Yesterday I venturedfarther. I
climbed out upon the jib-boom aboutten feet : here I sat for
several hours fixed between two big ropes, over the ocean,
swinging, gazing, thinking and breathing. It is a grand placae
to breathe. During oursickness the sailors were exceedingly
kind and attentive to ourwants. Captain Nelson and the sec-ond
mate, spent nearly all Tuesday night in taking care of us.
Not a thing was left undone which they could do for us, and
all was done in such a spirit of cheerful good nature and kind-ness.
The captain and mates, with most of the crew, are Nor-wegians,
but some are Danes and some Swedes. They are as
simple and good natured a people as I ever saw, entirely des-titute
of that cultivated trickery, that brazen-faced deceitful-ness,
which characterizes so many of our American people.
From that element of character so expressively termed " shar-per,"
which scarcely any class is without, these Norwegians
seem to be very free.
We are becoming quite fa-miliar with our ocean life. It has
a jollity, a rough and tumble about it very similar to that in
the settlement of a new country. We have, as yet, pleasant
sunny days, and a smooth sea all the time.
40
May20.-When we got np this morning we were told that
land could be seen on the west. Mounting the poop deck we
saw two little hillocks in the distance, and climbing part way
up one of the ladders, I could see five or six. These were a
few insignificant islands ; but they were the first of the West
Indies we ever saw. We are about fourhundred and twenty
miles from Jamaica, and it begins to seem as if we were almost
there. We shall be glad when we get off from the water, for
we are unwell most of the time. Yet our kind Father has
secmccl to combine almost every thing for our comfort. Will
you not cast away every painful regret and join with us in find-ing
only reason for thanking God!
THE MIND.
It is the mind that makes us superior to the other of God's
creatures The earth, covered with its plains, its mountains,its
seas and its rivers, is indeed beautiful- yea, magnificent. Yet
how inferior to the human mind. The sun, moon and stars,
moving in their appointed spheres, from which they never wan-der,
are full of sublimity ; but they sink into insignificance
when compared with tho mind. They move only because they
are impelled by Divine power. The mind is great not only as
compared with other things, but it is great in its clemancls.
When you stood by yonder lake, what were your thoughts as
you sawits waves leaping up on every side as if in quest of
some object? Did you not think of the mind, ever yearn-ing
for diviner stores? '' " The sea mourns upon a thousand
shores." Sea like, "the mind mournsforever." Everywhere
how eagerly it searches for something on which to exercise its
power. We spend ourlivesto satisfy its desires.
Themind is great in power. Look in that cradle. Do you
think that infant will ever sway the multitudes by his oratory?
or surprisethe world with new discoveries Hold a lighted
candle or a :fire-brand ncar him. He grasps it as eagerly as he
would n. sugar-plum. Set him on the floor-open the cellar
THE amateur 41
door ; but don't leave him or he may descend, and not by the
way of the steps either. Think you that a being that does
not know enough to keep his hands out of the fire, or himself
from the pit, can rise to eminence ? But such is the case.
Step by step the mind advances. From simplethings to greater
it makes its strides. It analyses the flower-it breaks to pieces
the rocks-it separates and classifies the elements, and then
arranges them into a thousand forms of beauty and utility.
It plunges to the depths of the ocean and brings to light its
hidden treasures. It mounts to the clouds and reveals the
mystery of the heaven's artillery. When it has gone the earth
over for objects on which to exercise its powers, it rises to
survey other worlds. The distance to the sun and moon is
measured. Star after star is discovered, and its distance ascer-tained
and weight found out. It discovers the secret tie that
binds them all together. When the human eye fails to lend its
assistance, it grasps the telescope· that it may go yet farther to
the milky way, where fleecy clouds of misty light announce the
existence of millions more bright orbs. Its life is long. As
ourPresident once said, "if the sky were written full of figures
and each should count a million, they would not begin to num-ber
its years. When God shall die, then the mind will die.
6
42 The AMATEUR.
HIL L S DALE CO LL EGE.
This Institution is located at Hillsdale, :Michigan, sixty-six miles west of
Toledo, on tbc Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad.
The College edifice is of brick, five stories high, including the basement,
and furnishes public rooms for about eight hundred students, and dormi-toriesand
boarding accommodo.tions for about two hundred. The school
not yet having been in operation four years, no class will graduate till next
year, when some of our number hope to be honored with the first diplomas
from this institution.
The first catalogue gave a list of four hundred and ninty-threc students,
the second five hundred and eighty, and the third six hundred and sixty-nine,
including the Female and Prepamtory Departments.
'l'he School is supported by the interest of an endowment fund amount-ing
at present to eighty thousand dollars, which is immediately to be
increased to one hundred thousand dollars. Twelve thousand have been
added duringthe last year, and with similar exertions and better times, we
may reasonably expect the remaining twenty thousand to be raised the
coming year.
'l'here are four departments in the Institution : The College, Scientific,
Ladies, and Preparatory, under the tuition of the following board of in-structors
:
Hon.E. B. FAIRFIELD, LL.D.,
President.
REv. RANS0M DUNN,
Rev.SPENCER J. FOWLER, A.M.
Prof. of Mathematics and Natural
Philosophy.
Prof. of Mental and Moral Philosophy Prof. JamesDascomb A.M. M.D.
and Natural Theology. JJec'r on Chemistry and Physiology.
Prof. of the Latin and FrenchLan-guages
Rev.HENRY E. WhippleA.M.,
Prof. of Rhetoric, English Literature
and History.
GEORGE McMILLAN, A.M.,
Teacher of Languages.
CYRUS JORDAN, A.B.,
Tutor.
MISS. E. A. SANFORD,
Principal of Female Department.
Each College year is divided into th ree terms of thirteen weeks each.
The spring term opens the second Wednesday in February. Summer term
the second Wednesday in May. The fall term the second Wednesday in
August, at which time is the annual College Commencement.
The vacation coming in the winter will afl:'ord students an opportunity
to teach school one term during the year, without interrupting their regular
course of study. The institution is in a pleasant and healthy location aud
offers some special advantage to those seeking an education. The expenses
are moderate. Scholarships securing tuition in any department may be
obtained for ten dollars per yea.r. Room rent is from fifteen to twenty-five
cents per week. Boarding one dollar and fifty cents. The departments
of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy nre furnished with apparatus for the
illustration of those sciences. There are four Literary Societies, two in
the male and two in the female departments. These societies are r egularly
and permanently organized, and meet weekly for literary exercises.
TilE AMATEUR. 43
THE Amphictyon SOCIETY.
This Society was organized in December, 1857 with seventeen members.
Fifty-five have become connected since, and at present there are forty
active members. Through the kindness of the Faculty, a capacious Hall
has been granted to tho Society, which has been fitted up at considerable
expense. Our Library, thongh established in the midst of difficulties, is
now incorporated and in a prosperous condition.
The following is a list of the Officers and Members of the Society:
W. G. M. SroNE, President.
G. W. MITCHELL, Vice President.
F. B. RICE, Secretary.
J ER. ARNOLD, Treasurer.
C. B. StaitStayt Critic. r. P. RANDOLPH, Lib.
E. W. DE Camp, Censor.
J. T. HoKE,
F. W. DuNN, Pru.Com.
B. B. COMSTOCK,
D. K . .Allen, Butte de3 Morts, Wis.t
J. C. Anderson, Foster, R. I.
Jcr. Arnold, Hillsdale.
Jos . .Arnold, Hillsdale.•
F. E. Baker, - - - .
E. G. C. Bart.bolomew, Jonesville.
I. II. Bates, Mecca, 0 .
Wm. Bouton, Penfield.
L. M. Bradley, Spring Arbor, (Dec.)
M. Burt, Hillsdale.
J. L. Collier, Butlerville, 0.
B. B. Comstock, New York
J. E. Crane, Hillsdale.
G. II. Damon, Hinkley, 0.
L. Damon,
G. W. Davis, Burns, Ill.
E. W. De Camp, .Adrian.
D. Dewey, Varysburg, N.Y.
F. J. Douglass, Jamaica, W. I.*
F. W. Dunn, Hillsdale.
IsaacH . Eaton, Spring Valley, Min.*
N. F. Ellis. Hartstown, Penn.
J. G. English, Manchester.
J. II. Felch, Racine, Wis.
J. M. Fenner, Providence, R. I.•
C. Ferris, South Butler, N. Y.
0. P. Fisk, Sturgis.
Wm. E. Gill, Greene, 0.
E. A. Gilman, ParmaN.Y.
0. J. Graves, Yorktown, Ill.*
S. E. H aight, Royal Oak.
E . .A. Hnrmon, Mincapolis, Minn.'
A. Hartsuff, Unadilla.•
J. Hawley, Ronald.
A. H. llcrron, Bloomingdale.
J. W. Hodge, Spencer, 0.
J. T. Iloke, Grand de Tour, Ill.
F. F. Hopkins, l:Iillsdale.
M. S. Hubbell, Bedford.*
.A. l:I. Huling, Mendota, Ill.
C. Jackson, - - - .
W. L. Kane, - --.
J. H. Kipp, Woodstock, C. W.
D. W. Leavitt, Pittsford.
G. W. Mitchell, Gibbsville, Wis.
D. A. Morehouse, Brockport, N.Y.
G . .A. Moss, Vienna, Wis.
A . . W. Munger, Muckwonngo, Wis.
W. H. Myrick, Waterford, Wis.
C. C. Nelson, Newburg.*
P. W. Perry, Athens, 0.
R. J. Posten,
P. P. Randolph, Somerset.
F. B. Rice, Hillsdale.
P . Sherman, Girard.*
W. H. Sherman, J onesville.
T. J. Slayton, Gratton.t
0. D. Smith, Girard.*
C. B. Stayt, Otisco.
J . .A. Stayt, t
C. J . Steele, Springville, N. Y.
W. G. M. Stone, Aberdeen, Ind.
J. P . Tolford, Adrian.•
P. C. Tolford,
G. H. Tyler, Hillsdale.*
Wm. H. Warren, Hillsdale.*
C. D. West, Silvania, 0.
H. N. Wheeler, Kenton, 0.
D. E. Wilbur, Birmingham.*
Fred. L. Wiley, Boston, Mass.*
•Absent Honorably dismissed.